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                                                      Immunization

Immunization, or Immunisation, is the process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an agent (known as the immunogen).

 The creation of immunity usually against a particular disease especially : treatment (as by vaccination) of an organism for the purpose of making it immune to a particular pathogen immunization against polio.
"Vaccination is necessary
for every single child"

Live attenuated vaccine

Bacterial- BCG , Typhoid(oral), plague.
Viral- Oral polio, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, yellow fever, Influenza.
Rickets - Epi. typhus.

 Killed or Inactivated vaccines
Bacterial- Pertussis, typhoid, cholera, plague, CS Meningitis.
Viral- Rabies, hepatitis 'B', Influenza, Salk polio, Japanese Encephalitis.
Toxoids- Bacterial-Diphtheria and Tetanus.
Cellular Fractions- Meningococcal and pneumococcal vaccines.
Combination - DPT(Diphtheria, pertussis,tetanus)
                      -MMR(Mumps, Measles, Rubella)
                      -DT(Diphtheria, Tetanus)
                      -Hib-Hep.B(H.Influenzae'B',Hepatits 'B')

 IMMUNOGLOBULINS
The human Immunoglobulin (Ig) system is composed of 5 major classes(IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD and IgE) .
Two types of Immunoglobulin preparation are available for passive Immunization. These are normal human Immunoglobulin and specific (hyperimmune)  human immunoglobulin. They are used in the prophylaxis of viral and bacterial infections and in replacement of antibodies in immunodeficient patients. the available human immunoglobulins are:

  • Normal Human Ig- Hepatits 'A', Measles, Rabies, Tetanus and Mumps.
  • SpecificHuman Ig- Hepatitis'B', Varicella and Diphtheria.
NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE


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