ABO INCOMPATIBILITY

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 ABO BLOOD GROUP INCOMPATIBILITY


The mother with blood group O has naturally occurring anti-A and anti-B antibodies.


The antibodies are usually of IgM class and are to large to cross the placenta. However, some women produce antibodies of IgG class, which are smaller than IgM and can cross the placenta.


Once in fetal circulation the IgG anti-A and Anti-B antibodies attach to the red cells of fetuses with blood group A or B and cause variable amount of hemolysis due to antigen- antibody reaction.


Although 20% of babies have ABO blood group incompatibility, only in 5% , hemolysis occurs and in affected babies jaundice appears within 24 hours. 


Both first and subsequent babies are at risk. The diagnosis is made only after birth and the baby is either blood group A or B, while the mother is group O.


The management of ABO iso-immunization depends on the severity of the hemolysis. In most cases, hemolysis is mild and no treatment is required. Adequate hydration is maintained and sepsis is avoided. Phototherapy may be required in few cases.


ABO incompatibility protects the fetus from Rhesus Incompatibility because the mother's anti-A and anti-B antibodies will destroy any fetal cell leaking into maternal circulation.


Hope you like it. Through this content you will be able to know about blood group incompatibility......

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