MENSTRUAL _CYCLE

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 The menstrual cycle is a complex process that prepares the female body for pregnancy. It typically lasts around 28 days but can range from 21 to 35 days. Here’s a breakdown of the journey from menstruation to ovulation:

Menstrual Phase (Days 1-5)

Hormones Involved: Low levels of estrogen and progesterone.

What Happens: The uterine lining (endometrium) sheds, resulting in menstrual bleeding. This marks the first day of the cycle.

Follicular Phase (Days 1-13)

Hormones Involved: Rising levels of estrogen, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH).

What Happens:

Days 1-5: Overlaps with the menstrual phase.

Days 6-13: FSH stimulates the growth of several ovarian follicles. One follicle becomes dominant and continues to mature, while the others regress. Estrogen levels rise, causing the endometrium to thicken in preparation for a possible pregnancy.

Ovulation (Day 14)

Hormones Involved: Surge in Luteinizing Hormone (LH).

What Happens: The LH surge triggers the release of the mature egg from the dominant follicle in the ovary. The egg is then captured by the fallopian tube, where it awaits fertilization by sperm.

Post-Ovulation (Luteal Phase, Days 15-28)

Hormones Involved: Progesterone and estrogen.

What Happens: The ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone.

This hormone maintains the thickened endometrium. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to a drop in progesterone and estrogen levels, and the cycle begins anew with menstruation.

Understanding these phases can be crucial for tracking fertility and managing reproductive health.

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