Pneumonia~Mx

 

Pneumonia is a serious lung infection in which the air sacs (alveoli) fill with fluid or pus, causing cough, fever, difficulty breathing, and chest pain. It can affect people of all ages but is most dangerous for infants, older adults, and people with weak immunity.

Causes

Pneumonia can be caused by:

• Bacteria – most commonly Streptococcus pneumoniae

• Viruses – such as Influenza virus

• Fungi – mainly in people with weakened immune systems

Common Symptoms

• High fever with chills

• Persistent cough with mucus

• Shortness of breath

• Chest pain while breathing

• Fatigue and weakness

• In children: fast breathing, poor feeding

Types

• Community-acquired pneumonia – caught outside hospitals

• Hospital-acquired pneumonia – develops during hospital stay

• Aspiration pneumonia – caused by inhaling food or liquids

Diagnosis

Doctors diagnose pneumonia using:

• Chest X-ray

• Blood tests

• Sputum (mucus) examination

• Oxygen level measurement

Treatment

• Antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia (e.g., antibiotics)

• Antivirals for viral causes

• Oxygen therapy and fluids in severe cases

• Rest, hydration, and proper nutrition

Prevention

• Vaccination (pneumococcal and flu vaccines)

• Good hand hygiene

• Avoid smoking

• Strong immunity through balanced diet

According to World Health Organization, pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death in children under 5, but early diagnosis and proper treatment can save lives.