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What Is Fatty Liver Disease?
Fatty liver disease occurs when excess fat accumulates in liver cells. Normally, the liver contains a small amount of fat, but when fat makes up more than 5–10% of the liver’s weight, it is considered abnormal. Fatty liver is common and often reversible in early stages if addressed on time.
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Not related to alcohol intake
Commonly associated with obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, and sedentary lifestyle
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD)
Caused by excessive alcohol consumption
Risk increases with duration and quantity of alcohol intake
Obesity and overweight
Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance
High cholesterol or triglycerides
Excess alcohol intake
Poor diet (high sugar, refined carbs, fried foods)
Rapid weight loss or malnutrition
Certain medications (e.g., steroids, some chemotherapy drugs)
Simple fatty liver (steatosis) – Fat buildup without inflammation
Steatohepatitis – Fat with inflammation (NASH or alcoholic hepatitis)
Fibrosis – Scar tissue begins forming
Cirrhosis – Severe scarring leading to liver failure (irreversible)
Blood tests: Elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST)
Ultrasound abdomen: Most common screening test
CT/MRI: More detailed imaging
FibroScan: Measures liver fat and stiffness
Liver biopsy: Rarely needed, confirms severity
At least 30 minutes of exercise, 5 days a week
Combination of walking, aerobic exercise, and strength training
Complete abstinence is strongly recommended, especially in advanced stages
Good control of diabetes, cholesterol, and blood pressure
If untreated, fatty liver disease may progress to:
Liver fibrosis
Cirrhosis
Liver failure
Increased risk of liver cancer
Cardiovascular diseases
Maintain a healthy weight
Eat a balanced, liver-friendly diet
Exercise regularly
Limit or avoid alcohol
Regular health check-ups if you have diabetes or obesity
Fatty liver disease is common but largely preventable and reversible in its early stages. Early diagnosis, healthy lifestyle choices, and regular follow-up can protect your liver and prevent serious complications.
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