🩺 Oliguria: Causes, Symptoms & Management Overview

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Oliguria is a medical condition characterized by reduced urine output. In adults, it is defined as urine output of less than 400 mL per day or less than 0.5 mL/kg/hour. In children, it is usually less than 1 mL/kg/hour.

Causes

Oliguria is commonly classified into three categories:

  1. Pre-renal causes (reduced blood flow to kidneys)

    • Dehydration

    • Severe diarrhea or vomiting

    • Shock

    • Heart failure

  2. Renal causes (kidney damage)

    • Acute kidney injury (AKI)

    • Glomerulonephritis

    • Nephrotoxic drugs

  3. Post-renal causes (urinary obstruction)

    • Kidney stones

    • Enlarged prostate

    • Tumors

    4. Symptoms

    • Decreased urine output

    • Dark or concentrated urine

    • Swelling (edema)

    • Fatigue

    • Shortness of breath (in severe cases)

    Management

    • Identify and treat the underlying cause

    • Fluid replacement (if dehydrated)

    • Stop nephrotoxic drugs

    • Relieve urinary obstruction

    • Dialysis in severe cases



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