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Rh incompatibility occurs when a pregnant woman has an Rh-negative blood group and her baby inherits an Rh-positive blood group from the father. This condition can cause the mother's immune system to produce antibodies against the baby's red blood cells, leading to complications if not properly managed.
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The Rh factor is a protein found on the surface of red blood cells.
For example:
During pregnancy or delivery, a small amount of the baby's blood may enter the mother's bloodstream. If the mother is Rh-negative and the baby is Rh-positive, the mother's immune system may recognize the baby's red blood cells as foreign and produce antibodies against them.
This process is called Rh sensitization.
In a sensitized mother, these antibodies can cross the placenta and destroy the baby's red blood cells, leading to:
Rh incompatibility usually does not harm the mother directly. The main concern is the effect on current or future Rh-positive pregnancies.
Doctors may perform:
The condition can usually be prevented with an injection called Anti-D Immunoglobulin (RhIg).
If Rh sensitization occurs, treatment may include:
Rh incompatibility occurs when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive baby. Without proper management, it can cause serious complications for the baby. However, routine screening and timely administration of Anti-D immunoglobulin have made this condition highly preventable and manageable.
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