Educatrix

Dr. Virginia Apgar was an American anesthesiologist and inventor of the Apgar Score, a quick assessment tool used to evaluate the physical condition of newborn babies. She was a pioneer in neonatology and made significant contributions to the field of maternal and newborn health.   The Apgar score is a quick assessment tool that evaluates a newborn baby's physical condition immediately after birth. It is based on a scale of 0 to 10, with 10 being the best possible score. The score is determined by evaluating the baby on five criteria Heart rate: 0 if absent, 1 if <100 beats per minute, 2 if >=100 beats per minute Respiratory effort: 0 if absent, 1 if slow or irregular, 2 if strong and crying Muscle tone: 0 if limp, 1 if some flexion, 2 if active motion Reflex irritability: 0 if no response, 1 if grimace, 2 if strong cry Color: 0 if blue/pale, 1 if body pink but extremities blue, 2 if all pink The score is determined by adding up the points for each criterion and providing an

                                 खुजली खुजली वाली त्वचा एक आम समस्या है जो पूरी दुनिया में कई लोगों को प्रभावित करती है। कारण खुजली वाली त्वचा कई कारकों के कारण हो सकती है, जिनमें एलर्जी, शुष्क त्वचा और त्वचा की स्थिति जैसे एक्जिमा, सोरायसिस और खुजली शामिल हैं। विभिन्न स्रोतों से एलर्जी, जैसे डिटर्जेंट, साबुन और कुछ कपड़े और सामग्री, खुजली वाली त्वचा का कारण हो सकते हैं। यह ध्यान रखना महत्वपूर्ण है कि कोई भी व्यक्ति अपने लिंग, आयु या जाति की परवाह किए बिना खुजली वाली त्वचा से प्रभावित हो सकता है। यह एलर्जी, रूखी त्वचा, और कुछ चिकित्सीय स्थितियों सहित कई प्रकार की चीजों के कारण हो सकता है। एक्जिमा के लक्षण क्या हैं? एक्जिमा एक त्वचा की स्थिति है जो सूखी, खुजली और पपड़ीदार त्वचा, लाल धब्बे, फटी और टूटी हुई त्वचा, सूजन या सूजन जैसे कई असहज लक्षण पैदा कर सकती है, और अधिक चरम मामलों में फफोले, त्वचा के रोते हुए पैच या गाढ़े पैच हो सकते हैं। छिलकेदार त्वचा। खुजली वाली त्वचा के प्रकार, कारण और उपलब्ध उपचारों को जानना महत्वपूर्ण है। प्रकार खुजली वाली त्वचा के प्रकारों में शामिल हो सकते हैं:

PROFESSIONAL TRENDS & ADJUSTMENTS COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course is designed to assist students to develop a broad understanding of Principles, concepts, trends and issues related to professional trends and adjustments. Further, it would provide opportunity to students to understand, appreciate and acquire skills in planning, supervision and management of nursing services at different levels to provide quality nursing services.   GENERAL OBJECTIVES Upon completion of the course, the student shall able to: 1.       Describe nursing as a profession 2.       Identify various professional responsibilities of a nurse 3.       Describe various professional organizations related to nursing 4.       Identify the need for in-service and continuing education in nursing 5.       Demonstration skills in application to knowledge of professional etiquettes in the practice of nursing in any healthcare setting. Nursing as a profession a.       a.      Definition of

  IUCDs Intrauterine contraceptive have been in use for several decades. The closed devices like Grafenberg ring, and birnberg bow are obsolete now. Open devices like Copper T, Copper 7 and lippes loop were in use in 1980s.   Commonly used IUCDs in present day practice are:  Cu T 200, Cu T 380 A, Multiload 250, Multiload 350, Progestasert, Levonorgesterel intrauterine device and others. MECHANISM OF ACTION Mechanism of antifertility effects of IUCDs is not yet clear. PROBABLE FACTORS - It interferes with sperm transportation from the cervix to the fallopian tubes. - The IUCD inhibits sperm capacitation and survival (speroff et al, 1999). - It alters the biochemical or cellular composition of uterine fluid or both causing  impairment of the viability of gametes. - The copper ions released from the device interferes with sperm motility and creates a reaction that results in a spermicidal endometrium (Nelson, 2000). - Progestasert is thought to act through thickening the cervical mucus an

 PRACTICE QUESTION PAPER Q-1 Long answer type question:        1.1    Define communication. Mention elements of communication. Explain the barriers related to communication?   1.2    Describe the principles of guidance and counselling and explain why counselling is necessary in nursing?   1.3    Describe the aims of education. Explain relationship between philosophy and education?   Q-2 Short essays type question:                      2.1 Define learning. Mention the characteristics of learning?   2.2 Factors influencing effectiveness of A.V. aids?   2.3 Define in-service education. Discuss its importance and explain the steps in planning an in-service education?   2.4 management of crisis?   2.5 clinical teaching method?         Q-3 Short notes                                     3.1 define idealism?   3.2 OHP   3.3 Meaning of OSCE?   3.4 List qualities of good teacher?   3.5 Two difference between seminar and symposium?   3.6 Advanta

 ABO BLOOD GROUP INCOMPATIBILITY The mother with blood group O has naturally occurring anti-A and anti-B antibodies. The antibodies are usually of IgM class and are to large to cross the placenta. However, some women produce antibodies of IgG class, which are smaller than IgM and can cross the placenta. Once in fetal circulation the IgG anti-A and Anti-B antibodies attach to the red cells of fetuses with blood group A or B and cause variable amount of hemolysis due to antigen- antibody reaction. Although 20% of babies have ABO blood group incompatibility, only in 5% , hemolysis occurs and in affected babies jaundice appears within 24 hours.  Both first and subsequent babies are at risk. The diagnosis is made only after birth and the baby is either blood group A or B, while the mother is group O. The management of ABO iso-immunization depends on the severity of the hemolysis. In most cases, hemolysis is mild and no treatment is required. Adequate hydration is maintained and sepsis is av

  INTRODUCTION A breech birth is the birth of a baby from a breech presentation, in which the baby exits the pelvis with the buttocks or feet first  as opposed to the normal head-first presentation. In breech presentation, fetal het sound are heard just above the umbilicus. in a breech presentation, the lie is longitudinal and the podalic pole presents at the pelvic brim. DEFINITION OF BREECH PRESENTATION- IN breech presentation , the fetus lies longitudinally with the buttocks in the lower pole of the uterus. The presenting diameter is bitrochanteric 10 cm and the denominator is sacrum. TYPES OF BREECH PRESENTATION There are two types of breech presentation - 1. Complete BREECH or FLEXED breech The fetus is in normal attitude of full flexion. The thighs are flexed at the hips and the legs are flexed at knees. The presenting part consists of two buttocks, external genitalia and two feet. It is commonly present in multipara. 2. Incomplete Breech This is due to varying degrees of extensi